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@article{Raabia Noshair_Muhammad Usman Arshad_Yasmeen_Muhammad Ameer Hamza_2025, title={Analyzing Modal Verbs as Politeness Markers in British and Pakistani English Communication: A Corpus Based Comparative Study}, volume={4}, url={https://www.assajournal.com/index.php/36/article/view/845}, abstractNote={<p><em>This research examines the use of modal verbs as indicators of politeness in British and Pakistani English conversation using a corpus-based comparative methodology.&nbsp; The goal was to look at how often, where, and why modal verbs are used, as well as how cultural settings affect politeness methods.&nbsp; The study’s backdrop is based on studies in World Englishes, politeness theory, and cross-cultural pragmatics. It shows how language reflects social and cultural values. The technique used a mixed-methods design.&nbsp; There were around a million words in the corpus, with 500,000 coming from British English and 500,000 from Pakistani English.&nbsp; The sample strategy was deliberate, choosing materials from newspapers, scholarly publications, and formal correspondence.&nbsp; The analytical approach was grounded on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, augmented with Hofstede’s cultural aspects.&nbsp; Quantitative study used frequency counts and chi-square statistical tests, while qualitative analysis applied concordance and collocational methods to elucidate pragmatic roles. The results showed significant disparities in how modal verbs were used: British English preferred "may" and "might" for uncertainty, whereas Pakistani English preferred "will" and "would" for assurance, respect, and unity.&nbsp; The results indicated that culture affects how people are polite. Pakistani English reflects collectivist and religious ideas, whereas British English emphasizes individuality and not imposing on others.</em></p> <p><strong><em>Keyword:</em></strong><em> British and Pakistani, Modal verbs, Brown and Levinson’s politeness, World Englishes, Collocational, Pragmatic roles</em></p>}, number={01}, journal={`}, author={Raabia Noshair and Muhammad Usman Arshad and Yasmeen and Muhammad Ameer Hamza}, year={2025}, month={Sep.}, pages={3655–3666} }