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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muahmmad Qamar   , 
AU  - Saba Hisham , 
AU  - Humaira Kanwal , 
PY  - 2026/06/03
Y2  - 2026/06/09
TI  - Enhancing Biker Safety through Ergonomic Design: An Integrated Smart Helmet Solution for Lahore Market
JF  - `
JA  - ASSAJ
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SE  - Articles
DO  - 
UR  - https://www.assajournal.com/index.php/36/article/view/1814
SP  - 1429-1445
AB  - &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The aim of the study is to examine the trends of usage and challenges of wearing helmet among motorcyclists in Lahore, study the ergonomic constraints of the current helmets in the local market, and design an ergonomically optimized smart helmet design that improves the safety and usability of the riders. The study is based on the fact that although people are aware of helmet safety, the rate of wearing a helmet remains low because people experience practical discomforts and functional limitations. Thus, the research is concerned with recognizing actual user issues and converting them to effective designed solutions using a user-centered methodology.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The approach to the study was a mixed-method research to meet the study objectives. The quantitative part was carried out with the help of a descriptive cross sectional survey of 100 motorcyclists including delivery riders to examine their behavior in terms of helmet use and the challenges associated with it. The qualitative aspect comprised of case study analysis of five of the different helmets available including branded, institutional and locally available helmets to assess the ergonomics features, the use of materials and the integration of technology to the different helmets. The results of the two approaches were integrated to formulate the design requirements, which informed the concept development and digital 3D modelling of the proposed smart helmet.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;According to the results, the key obstacles to the use of helmets include thermal discomfort, communication challenges, and limited visibility as opposed to lack of awareness. The current helmets were observed to be ineffective in ventilation, ergonomic comfort and incorporation of user-relevant technologies. In reaction to this, the study suggests a smart helmet design that will include multi-point ventilation system, hands-free calling using Bluetooth connectivity and rear-view camera with a front-mounted display to enhance situational awareness. The study concludes that a user-based and ergonomically informed design approach can greatly increase the usability of the helmets, as well as stimulate their constant use, thus, contributing to better road safety results.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; smart helmet, ergonomics, user-centered design, helmet design, ventilation system, Bluetooth communication, rear-view camera&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20532181&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
ER  -