The Transformative Role of AI-Powered E-Monitoring in Enhancing Employee Accountability within Higher Education Institutions

Abstract

This research paper investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Powered Electronic Monitoring (E-Monitoring) systems on employee accountability within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Rapid technological advancements have introduced sophisticated surveillance tools, moving beyond traditional physical oversight to digital scrutiny of administrative, academic, and support staff. While proponents argue that AI-E-Monitoring fosters transparency, efficiency, and measurable accountability, critics raise concerns regarding privacy erosion, psychological stress, and potential algorithmic bias. This study aims to empirically analyze the relationship between the perceived effectiveness of AI-E-Monitoring implementation and three key dimensions of employee accountability: Task Completion Adherence (TCA), Ethical Compliance Behavior (ECB), and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Utilizing a quantitative approach, data was collected from a sample of 450 HEI employees across various functional roles. The data was analyzed using both SPSS (for descriptive statistics, reliability, and regression analysis) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS (for testing the complex research model and hypotheses). The findings reveal a significant positive impact of perceived effective AI-E-Monitoring on both TCA and ECB. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between AI-E-Monitoring and OCB, suggesting a detrimental effect on discretionary, helpful workplace behaviors. The developed AI-E-Monitoring Accountability Model (AI-EAM), grounded in Agency Theory and Social Exchange Theory, provides valuable insights for HEI leadership seeking to maximize accountability benefits while mitigating negative consequences, emphasizing the critical need for transparent policies, fair application, and a focus on procedural justice.

Keywords: AI-Powered E-Monitoring, Employee Accountability, Higher Education Institutions, Task Completion Adherence, Ethical Compliance Behavior, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, PLS-SEM, SPSS, Agency Theory.