A Research Study of the Causes, Background, and Impacts of the Migration to Habasha on Islamic History

Abstract

The migration to Abyssinia (Hijrah to Habasha) represents one of the earliest and most significant events in Islamic history, reflecting both the resilience of the early Muslim community and the universal values of justice and religious tolerance. This study examines the causes, context, and consequences of the Hijrah to Abyssinia, focusing on the socio-political conditions in Makkah that compelled Muslims to seek refuge under the Christian ruler, King Najashi (Negus) of Abyssinia. The research explores how persecution, social boycott, and threats to religious freedom motivated this strategic migration. It further analyzes the reception of Muslims in Abyssinia and highlights the role of interfaith dialogue, particularly the famous exchange between Ja‘far ibn Abi Talib and the king, as a model of peaceful coexistence and mutual respect.

Using a historical and analytical methodology, the study investigates primary sources from classical Islamic literature and modern scholarly interpretations to assess the broader implications of this migration. The findings suggest that the Hijrah to Abyssinia not only ensured the survival of the early Muslim community but also established foundational principles for asylum, diplomacy, and interreligious harmony in Islam. Additionally, the research connects these historical lessons with contemporary global challenges related to migration, minority rights, and religious pluralism.

Keywords: Hijrah to Abyssinia, Early Islam, Religious Persecution, King Najashi, Interfaith Relations, Islamic History, Migration, Religious Tolerance