The Impact of U.S. Security Policy in Restructuring the International Political Order From 2021-2025

Abstract

This study examines the impact of United States national security policies on the global political order during the period 2021 to 2025; a period that features an unprecedent oscillation between multilateral cooperation under the Biden administration and transactional nationalism during Trump's second term. While existing research often centers on American decline or institutional strength, no study has systematically investigated the combined structural effects of these policy changes across military, alliance, technological, and nuclear aspects simultaneously. This paper explains that the changes in the international political order, driven by shifts in military strategies, economic decoupling, technological competition, and alliance structure; have permanently altered the liberal international order. The new emerging order is characterized as multipolar which is militarily strengthened, economically integrated, normatively diverse, and institutionally fragmented. Engagement with multilateral organizations and Global South, along with fostering positive-sum technology and alliance initiatives, are key to building more stable governance structures. This paper offers an analysis-based view of the post-unipolar world order that is important for decision-makers and policymakers in crafting competitive strategies for the new international landscape.

Keywords: Doctrinal evolution, International political order, Military strategy, Power politics, Security policy, Technological competition, Transactional policy